It is the only respiratory function test performed during normal-tidal breathing, making it very friendly for the elderly, individuals with dyspnea and compromised respiratory function, as well as for children.

IOS measures the total resistance of the respiratory system. Provides information on the caliber of the airways (central and peripheral).

Evaluates the response to bronchodilator and bronchoprovocation tests. It is particularly useful in childhood asthma, where it is applied to monitor progress and evaluate the response to treatment. Gives an insight on the elastic properties of the lungs, useful in the evaluation of restrictive lung diseases.

It is an easy, painless test that allows us to measure the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), generated by the inspiratory and expiratory muscles during a maximal breathing effort respectively.

The test contributes in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disease cases where their values are characteristically reduced.

MIP: is the lowest, most negative pressure developed during a maximal inspiratory effort performed through a closed airway (a shutter is briefly activated during the measurement).

MEP: is the highest positive pressure achieved during a maximal expiratory effort performed through a closed airway (a shutter is briefly activated during the measurement).

Diffusion Capacity evaluates the Gas Exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) : the ability of lungs to transfer gas, from the inhaled Atmospheric Air to the Alveoli and the Circulating Blood, across the Alveolar-Capillary Membrane.

It is based on the inhalation of a specific gas mixture that contains a small amount of carbon monoxide as a tracer. Measurement and Monitoring of Diffusing Capacity over time, is crucial in the diagnosis and monitoring of interstitial lung diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis.

Body Plethysmography is considered the gold standard method in measuring lung volumes and capacities. Using a fixed volume cabin, the system allows us to calculate with great accuracy the volume of air in the lungs and the corresponding lung capacities, at various phases of the respiratory cycle. By body Plethysmography we can:

• determine the type of respiratory disorder (restrictive or obstructive syndrome)
• diagnose and monitor the progression of restrictive lung diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis
• diagnose, monitor, and assess the severity of obstructive airway diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
• measure Airway Resistance i.e. evaluate the difficulty of air flow during inhalation and exhalation
• Preoperative evaluation

Some indicative volumes and capacities:

• Total Lung Capacity the total volume of air in the lungs at the end of a maximum inhalation
• Residual Volume the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum exhalation
• Functional Residual Capacity – the volume of air in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration. It represents the equilibrium position of the respiratory system, where the opposite elastic forces of the chest wall and the lung are balanced( the outward tendency of the chest wall to expand, is balanced by the inward tendency of the lungs to collapse).